AP Biology

Mostly Everything You Need to Know About AP Biology

Exam Outline

Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions

Questions Time Exam Weight
60 90 minutes 50%

Section 2: Free Response

Questions Time Exam Weight
6 90 minutes 50%

A calculator is allowed in both sections, with a periodic table and equations sheet provided.

Notes

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8

Course Content

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
8%–11% of Exam Score

1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

1.2 Elements of Life

1.3 Introduction to Biological Macromolecules

1.4 Properties of Biological Macromolecules

1.5 Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

1.6 Nucleic Acids

Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
10%–13% of Exam Score

2.1 Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

2.2 Cell Structure and Function

2.3 Cell Size

2.4 Plasma Membranes

2.5 Membrane Permeability

2.6 Membrane Transport

2.7 Facilitated Diffusion

2.8 Tonicity and Osmoregulation

2.9 Mechanisms of Transport

2.10 Cell Compartmentalization

2.11 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
12%–16% of Exam Score

3.1 Enzyme Structure

3.2 Enzyme Catalysis

3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function

3.4 Cellular Energy

3.5 Photosynthesis

3.6 Cellular Respiration

3.7 Fitness

Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
10%–15% of Exam Score

4.1 Cell Communication

4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction

4.3 Signal Transduction

4.4 Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways

4.5 Feedback

4.6 Cell Cycle

4.7 Regulation of Cell Cycle

Unit 5: Heredity
8%–11% of Exam Score

5.1 Meiosis

5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

5.3 Mendelian Genetics

5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics

5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
12%–16% of Exam Score

6.1 DNA and RNA Structure

6.2 Replication

6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing

6.4 Translation

6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression

6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

6.7 Mutations

6.8 Biotechnology

Unit 7: Natural Selection
13%–20% of Exam Score

7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection

7.2 Natural Selection

7.3 Artificial Selection

7.4 Population Genetics

7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

7.6 Evidence of Evolution

7.7 Common Ancestry

7.8 Continuing Evolution

7.9 Phylogeny

7.10 Speciation

7.11 Extinction

7.12 Variations in Populations

7.13 Origin of Life on Earth

Unit 8: Ecology
10%–15% of Exam Score

8.1 Responses to the Environment

8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

8.3 Population Ecology

8.4 Effect of Density of Populations

8.5 Community Ecology

8.6 Biodiversity

8.7 Disruptions to Ecosystems

More Resources

Immersive Biology Simulation